Read the marketing material for any fund and you'll often find the manager saying that they take either a "top-down" or a "bottom-up" approach. Sometimes they claim to do both: "the fund combines ...

There are different ways of manipulating matter at the nanoscale. The two notions you hear most are top-down and bottom-up methods. Michelangelo was a top-down artist. He took one big, raw block of ...

At the heart of bottom-up nanotechnology lies a process driven by thermodynamics and kinetics, rather than the deterministic approaches characteristic of top-down methods. This fundamental difference ...

The first quarter of 2025 was quite a roller coaster for investors.

Top-down mass spectrometry offers the ability to sequence intact proteins—post-translational modifications and all—but is not yet a high-throughput method. As the well-established 'bottom-up' ...

Conservation & Society, Vol. 19, No. 1 (2021), pp. 25-33 (9 pages) In 2010, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) outlined an international strategic plan, which included the twenty Aichi ...