Climate change and rising sea levels are wreaking havoc on the ... minerals to form a natural cement between seawater-soaked ...

Saltation – where small pieces of shingle or large sand grains are bounced along the sea bed. Traction – where pebbles and larger material are rolled along the sea bed.

One way to bind sand grains together is to mix it with cement ... Areas of land near rivers or close to sea level may be prone to liquefaction hazards. Examples may include coastlines, marshes ...

Powerful Sea of Japan winds and strong currents pushed the sand back up along the coastline ... And these self-organizing individual grains create ever-shifting wave-shaped ripples on the dune ...