A recent study in Spain found that an intake of 6 mg/kg of caffeine improved participants’ reaction times in a series of reaction tasks. It also made participants more nervous, alert, and active.

They conceptualized a spectrum from mature to immature defense mechanisms, on which reaction formation is considered intermediate. Many Freudian theories have been disproven over time, but defense ...

This clinically significant reduction may be due to improvements in reaction time, gait, balance and balance recovery but not in strength. Further high-quality studies aimed at maximising the ...