Ivan Pavlov was born in a small village in central Russia. His family hoped that he would become a priest, and he went to a theological seminary. After reading Charles Darwin, he found that he ...

In 1894, Ivan Pavlov summarized the physiological state of knowledge about digestion in this way: The digestive canal is in its task a complex chemical factory. The raw material passes through a ...

Pavlov trained his dogs to start salivating in response to all sorts of stimuli, but in contrast to many popular accounts, never a bell, according to Daniel Todes’ biography Ivan Pavlov: A ...