However, if long and thin strips of graphene (termed graphene nanoribbons) are cut out of a wide graphene sheet, the quantum charge carriers become confined within the narrow dimension ...

Graphene nanoribbons, which are narrow strips of nanoscale honeycomb carbon structures, exhibit remarkable magnetic properties due to the behavior of unpaired electrons in the atoms' π-orbitals.

Pattern template for graphene nanoribbons: Depending on the direction of the ribbon axis, graphene nanoribbons have an armchair edge (orange) or a zigzag edge (blue). (Image: Empa) Graphene ...