Without the catheters their anastomoses resulted in fistulas and hydronephrosis. Curtis 2 in 1929 reported a case with successful anastomosis by this method. Dr. Fletcher H. Colby, in a personal ...

Arteriovenous fistulas are believed to be superior to grafts for vascular access in hemodialysis patients, but it is unclear whether this holds true in patients with a previous fistula failure.