Scientists designed autonomous nanovesicles capable of following glucose concentration gradients, even through the blood brain barrier in rats. Amid cuts to federal funding, US universities tighten ...

The idea of concentrations and the gradients within them is important when understanding the movement of particles or molecules across cell membranes. A solution with a low solute concentration ...

Proton gradients powering ATP synthesis were just ... Acidity is just a measure of proton concentration, which was about four orders of magnitude (four pH units) higher in the oceans than in ...