In words, this says Y is a function of X. Y is thought of as the dependent variable and X as the independent variable. Let’s ...

Virgil The idea that one needs to do an experiment—a controlled perturbation of a single variable—to assign cause and effect is deeply embedded in traditional thinking about the way scientific ...

The Journal of Economic Perspectives Vol. 35, No. 4, Fall 2021 The Causal Effects of Place on Health an... The Causal Effects of Place on Health and Longevity This is the metadata section. Skip to ...

Rather than if-then, it is composed of cause-effect statements. Examples include: I feel sick because I ate too much pasta. Law school applications increase during economic downturns because more ...