Broadly, most experts say that space starts at the point where orbital dynamic forces become more important than aerodynamic forces, or where the atmosphere alone is not enough to support a flying ...

May 26, 2025 — A modeling study shows that global warming will make it harder to reduce ground-level ozone, a respiratory irritant that is a key component of smog, by cutting greenhouse gas ...

This Perspective explores the mechanisms underlying why wetland trees are a net source of methane to the atmosphere and upland trees are a net sink, and the effect environmental changes will have ...

‡ Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, U.K. Article Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across ...

This encompasses the interactions between various parts of the atmosphere as well as interactions with the oceans and freshwater systems, the biosphere and human activities.

The primary and unequivocal driver of climate change since the 1850−1900 period is the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Global mean surface warming throughout the 21st century will ...