For example, baryons, such as protons and neutrons, are combinations of three quarks bound tightly together by strong force-carrying gluons. When individual quarks are ripped from hadrons ...

Electrons gently tug on protons in the lattice, drawing them inward to create an excess of positive charge. That deformation, known as a phonon, can then draw in a second electron, forming a ...

Fusion energy has long been hailed as the “holy grail” of clean energy. However, the problem of runaway electrons has been a major hurdle in realizing the nuclear fusion process. The latest ...

Discovering that electrons can manifest as ‘split-electrons’ in nanoscale circuits, scientists are now on the brink of a technological revolution that could lead to the practical use of Majorana ...

That matters greatly to science: neutrons, the electrically neutral particles that sit alongside positively charged protons in the ... advantages over X-rays and electrons, such as being non ...

We have a much more complicated, dynamic system." Scientists have used high-energy particle collisions to peer inside protons, the particles that sit inside the nuclei of all atoms. This has ...