low extracellular fluid osmolality and increased water retention. The hypothyroid population is characterized by significant volume changes, initiating a volume-dependent, low plasma renin ...

Urine and blood glucose should ... [8] Measurement of urine osmolality or specific gravity every 4-6 h, until resolution or stabilization Measurement of serum sodium levels every 4-6 h, until ...

A 23-year-old woman presents to the emergency department (ED) with a sudden onset of a thunderclap headache that she describes as the “worst headache of her life.” ...

You should test for ketones whenever you feel sick, have any symptoms of DKA, or have a blood sugar reading at or above 240 mg/dL. Test for ketones at home using an over-the-counter ketone test kit to ...

On its own, bacteremia is not dangerous as it is limited to the blood. It is only when the infection becomes systemic and starts to involve organs that it is referred to as septicemia. Sepsis occurs ...