There are many different types of cells in animals. Each type is specialised for a particular role. These ensure that the organism functions as a whole. The head of the sperm contains the genetic ...

Cells manage a wide range of functions in their tiny package ... In addition, both plant and animal cells store energy by shunting glucose into fat synthesis pathways. One gram of fat contains ...

Vacuoles usually account for changes in cell size when the cytoplasmic volume stays constant. Some vacuoles have specialized functions, and plant cells can have more than one type of vacuole.

Most animal, plant and fungal cells contain organelles called mitochondria. These descendants of a primordial bacterial ...

The team isolated the chloroplasts from algal cells using a centrifuge and gentle stirring. Instead of then piercing the host cells’ membranes, as in earlier work, the researchers adjusted the culture ...