Biliary atresia is a blockage in the tubes (ducts) that carry bile from the liver to the gallbladder. This congenital condition occurs when the bile ducts inside or outside the liver do not develop ...

1 Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Université Paris-Descartes, Paris, France 2 INSERM U757, Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France Correspondence to Dr T Tordjmann, INSERM U757, Université ...

In cholecystectomised patients, the integrated areas under the curve for both bile acids were similar to those of the healthy controls, but postprandial peaks were less marked. In patients with bile ...

Sphincters are ring-shaped muscles that open and close to regulate the flow of substances, like food, liquid, and waste, through passages in the body. There are over 60 types of sphincters in the ...