Gold extraction has relied on highly toxic chemicals such as cyanide and mercury, which are infamous for causing severe environmental damage.

In small-scale and artisanal mining, mercury is used extensively to extract gold. In this practice, the gold reacts with ...

High coverage S phases (surface coverage ≥0.33), spontaneously formed by immersion of Au(111) in Na 2S aqueous solutions at room temperature, have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), ...