Problem was how to get the air into the lungs. Fish could gulp air at surface and force air into lungs, using buccal pump or by gulping air and diving head first, letting air rise and pass into the ...

Life on land was just getting started, and was mostly small. Mosses covered much of the ground and the largest plants of the day grew to just 6 centimeters (2.4 inches).

Lead author Neil Shubin, professor of organismal biology and anatomy at the University of Chicago said this is likely because it emerged "right at the cusp of the transition from life ... problems for ...

The United Nations aims to protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, halt and reverse land degradation and halt ...