The basal ganglia are a set of subcortical structures that interact with the cerebral cortex to regulate motor, cognitive and affective function through reinforcement learning and action selection.

With over 10 million people affected worldwide, Parkinson's disease is the fastest-growing neurological disorder. More than ...

Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a neuropeptide released during parasympathetic stimulation, affects electrophysiological remodeling in atrial fibrillation. We hypothesized that serum VIP could ...

The thickness of mucosal layer was measured at multiple points of each intestinal canal and the result was expressed as mean mucosal thickness (μm). The mucosal lymphocytes and goblet cells were ...