Tesla CEO Elon Musk claimed that the brand’s then-new vehicles would have the necessary hardware for full self-driving (FSD). Here we are, in 2025, and the brand’s HW3 computers aren’t up to the task ...

At the time, Tesla was producing its vehicles with cameras, a front-facing radar, ultrasonic sensors, and a “self-driving” computer, called HW2.5.” Tesla quickly started building new ...

Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China ...