The cells are transferred to a “bioreactor” – a conical stainless steel tank like those found in breweries – and grown over the course of about three months in a body-temperature liquid containing ...

Nitrogen (N) equilibrium isotope fractionation (15α) involving gaseous, dissolved, and solid phases of ammonia (NH3) and ammonium (NH4+) (e.g., NH3(g)–NH3(aq)–NH4+(aq)–NH4+(s)) represents a ...

Recent studies found that both nitrite (NO2–) and ammonium (NH4+) lead to nitrophenolic byproducts in SO4•– oxidation processes, during which NO2• generated through the oxidation of the inorganic ...