Figure 2: Macrophage ER stress in inflammation and apoptosis. It will be fascinating to explore whether specific lipid species are involved in engaging, negatively or positively, ER stress ...

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the portion of the cell responsible for manufacturing and folding proteins. Proteins are ...

Apoptosis occurs in a wide range of human diseases ... also known as PUMA), function in distinct cellular stress pathways and signal that a stress has occurred through interactions with other ...

Furthermore, UDCA reduces inflammation by modulating immune responses and suppressing pro-inflammatory pathways, thus preventing apoptosis and necrosis. It also alleviates ER stress, which is a ...