Excessive or sustained ROS production, however, when exceeding the available antioxidant defense systems, leads to oxidative stress. Animal studies have provided compelling evidence demonstrating the ...

(3, 4) Consequently, the identification of novel compounds that ameliorate ER stress and reduce cellular apoptosis may have clinical relevance for the treatment of numerous disease states. The ER is ...

When the workload on the heart increases, the ventricular wall may thicken too, known as cardiac hypertrophy. This is an adaptive response that reduces pressure on the heart and maintains the activity ...