The surface area of a sphere is four times the area of a large circle, which is four times the constant Pi multiplied by the square of the radius of the sphere. Formula for calculating the volume of a ...

Abstract: A simple empirical formula is presented for computing the reflection coefficient of a rough-sea surface using windspeed, angle of incidence, and frequency as parameters. The formula closely ...

By extending to three separate phases shifted by 120 degrees, you sum three times the phase power — or use the √3‑based formula — to arrive at total power for the system. Common uses and summary.