Water from both volcanic rocks and deep mantle melted Earth's crust 1.6 billion years ago. This long-lasting melting formed ...

Together, surface and deepwater currents form the “global conveyor belt,” which circulates seawater over a 1,000-year journey ...

When a massive, black patch, known as a polynya, was spotted by NASA scientists for the first time, satellite operators were ...

All maps are influenced by the intent and biases of their creator—even those that are striving to be as accurate as possible.

Geologists have uncovered a long-lost continental fragment buried beneath the thick ice of Greenland, a discovery that offers ...