A fully coupled thermo-fluid–solid FE model predicts temperature distribution and cracking risk in mass-reinforced concrete structures with air-pipe cooling.

space between the pipe and the concrete to accommodate the drain assembly ... the unit into the space before framing the doorway or walls. If access is a problem, check out multiple-piece units ...

More than 40,000 bridges in the United States are deemed structurally deficient, and as many as 221,000 are deemed in need of ...