is vital for ensuring and maintaining the specified weld quality. However, the back-bead is often not uniformly generated owing to the change that occurs in the narrow gap between the base metals ...

All welds were performed in the horizontal position and without preheating. All samples were transversely sectioned in the middle region of the weld beads, embedded, sanded to 2400 grain size, ...

Abstract: Welding quality detection is a critical link in modern manufacturing, and the weld bead location is a prerequisite for the high-precision assessment of welding quality. It is generally ...