The 19th century saw some of the great names of science: people like the chemist John Dalton, who developed the atomic theory of matter, Michael Faraday and James Maxwell who both put forward ...

While theories and counter-theories flew, two Irish scientists, one of them a renowned physicist named John Joly and the other a young botanist named Henry Dixon, decided to test the strength of a ...

SINCE the beginning of the nineteenth century science and technology have been playing a greater and greater rôle in shaping the lives of individuals, communities and nations. This has been true ...

At the beginning of the 19th century, though there had been some advances in medical knowledge, scientists still did not understand what caused disease. However, the production of better quality ...

For those physicians that did try the operation, outcomes were generally not promising—until the end of the nineteenth century a patient under-going a caesarean section faced almost certain death.