China can expand domestic demand through various policies including rebates for swapping old vehicles, appliances and factory equipment for new ones, Zhao said, forecasting that demand for equipment upgrades will exceed 5 trillion yuan ($34.8 billion) a year.

Chinese policymakers on Monday sought to assuage concerns the broad U.S. tariffs could derail efforts to shore up a fragile economic recovery, even as analysts warn the hefty levies raise the risk of a sharp downturn in growth.

Speaking before the Institute of International Finance, Treasury Secretary Scott Bessent leveled criticism of the World Bank and International Monetary Fund, urging them to go "back to basics" in their focus as financial institutions, but also offered support, stressing the United States' desire to continue its leadership role.