In eukaryotic cells, a ubiquitin conjugation cascade pathway exists to enzymatically activate ubiquitin, which then becomes covalently attached to substrate proteins that are destined for proteolysis.

The ability of UBA6 to activate different UBLs, including several for which the E1 is unknown, was tested in vitro. Surprisingly, UBA6 activated ubiquitin but not the other UBLs tested.

The precise regulation of the RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs)-mediated type I interferon (IFN-I) activation is crucial in antiviral immunity and maintaining host immune homeostasis in the meantime. Here, ...

Recent work in The EMBO Journal describes a new hybrid post-translational modification of proteins, composed of a poly-ubiquitin chain that is attached to a target protein via a mono-ADP-ribose (MAR) ...