A material’s hardness relates to its mechanical resistance when subjected to mechanical indentation by another harder body. Diamond is considered the hardest natural material and is typically used for ...

Molecular testing, or molecular diagnostics, refers to a group of tests that look at the genetic material in a specimen. It can detect genetic risk factors for certain diseases or provide evidence of ...

Among the first decisions to be made when initiating a composites testing program is the selection of test methods to follow. Unless performing highly customized testing, it’s usually not difficult to ...

What methods can be applied to verify PCB functionality and safety? Which are suitable for mass production and for prototypes? What parameters are checked in each test? How to check a PCB without ...

Wire bonding is widely used in electronic devices, the semiconductor industry, and microelectronics. It enables interconnections between the die and other electronic components in an integrated ...

In the rapidly evolving 2025 consumer packaged goods (CPG) landscape, where market pressures demand faster, smarter decision making, breakthrough innovations don’t happen in isolation. They succeed in ...

A time domain reflectometer (TDR) measures reflections along a cable. It is similar in principle to radar. To measure those reflections, the TDR transmits an incident signal into the cable and watches ...