shoulder and elbow movement patterns observed in flexion/extension are presented in Figure 3. In general, similar movement patterns were observed during the posterior transfer on the even surface ...

The glenoid labrum contributes to the stability of the shoulder by increasing the concavity in which the humeral head glides. Anterior, posterior, and multidirectional shoulder instability have ...

The posterior capsule is then stretched by pushing the arm into cross-arm horizontal adduction. With a posteriorly-directed force on the humerus, the shoulder is externally rotated and then ...