The first of these is the variable, non-rectilinear propagation of ... Ionospheric reflexion plays no part in this propagation, for in the wave-lengths concerned penetration of the ionosphere ...

WHEN a radio wave passes through an un-ionized medium its ray path is rectilinear. On passing through such ionized layers, which usually surround the Earth, its trajectory is satisfactorily ...

Researchers have mathematically elucidated how the presence of crystals and gas bubbles in magma affects the propagation of seismic P-waves. A novel equation was derived to describe the travel of ...