They synthesize ATP from pyruvate breakdown via simple fermentations that typically involve the production of molecular hydrogen as a major metabolic end product. These mitochondria are called ...

and almost forty ATP molecules result from amino acid and pyruvate oxidation. Two ATP molecules are synthesized in the cytoplasm via the conversion of glucose molecules to pyruvate. Both the ...

If oxygen is available to the cell then the pyruvate molecules can be further broken down in stage two to release more energy and produce a greater quantity of ATP. A pyruvate molecule enters the ...