The Noachian period of Martian history, from 4.1 to 3.7 billion years ago, is the poster child for a wet Mars. There is abundant evidence from orbital images of valley networks and mineral maps ...

The Hera probe has swung around Mars, using the planet’s gravitational pull to fling itself toward its asteroid target.

The lack of geological activity and the cold, arid climate on Mars have helped preserve this invaluable organic matter for the past 3.7 billion years. It therefore dates from the period during ...

The north pole of Mars is slowly sinking under the weight of an ice cap that only formed within the past few million years. And, in the process, it's telling us something about what the planet's ...

Utopia Planitia dates to the Hesperian Period, or 3.7 billion ... “The Mariner 9 orbiter first imaged giant canyons on Hesperian surfaces of Mars in the 1970s, but they are generally viewed ...

Data from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, together with ground-based measurements from NASA Mars rovers Curiosity, Pathfinder and Opportunity, also helped make the case for ferrihydrite.

This in turn suggests that the ferrihydrite “formed during a cold, wet period on early Mars under ... at the Martian surface. “The Mars rover and orbiter data is fully available to the public ...

Dr. Valantinas, formerly of the University of Bern in Switzerland where he started his work with the European Space Agency's Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) data, added: “Mars is still the Red Planet.