By now, you’re entirely used to the 4000-series logic chips, so there’s not much more to say. ... Repeat this with the remaining oscillators and XOR gates and you’re nearly done.

Arxiv – Controlled-NOT gate operating with single photons (10 pages) Technology Review – Cambridge physicists have built a quantum logic gate that combines a quantum dot that fires photons with a ...

A C-NOT logic gate requires two input photons. So the circuit works by zapping the quantum dot twice, generating two photons. These are identical because they’ve come from the same dot.

Various logic gates—AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOT, CNOT, and a half adder—could be put together using different combinations of robots. The DNA gates all take two inputs in the form of other molecules.

This doesn't necessarily help with alternate logic operations, like NOT, but having a larger array of potential tools can only make designing biological circuitry easier. PNAS , 2013. DOI: 10.1073 ...