Prior to his final defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, the French ruler gave the saber to one of his most trusted generals, ...

By 1799 France was at war with most of Europe. Returning to France, Napoleon took part in a coup against the government and then became first consul in February 1800. His forces defeated Austria ...

Napoleon’s power and influence grew with his military and political victories, eventually leading him to stage a coup and become first consul of the French Republic in 1799 — alongside two ...

Napoleon Bonaparte, first consul of the First Republic of France ... (Bonaparte was born in 1769.) The myth became more muddled in 1793, when Napoleon was promoted to brigadier general at the ...

Scott’s Napoleon is a cipher who is seen either ... Only six years later, he became, as first consul, ruler of France — and soon of much of Europe. His career ended in 1815 when he met ...

But swords were undoubtedly a potent symbol for the French ruler. For Napoleon, then France’s first consul, 1802 was a critical year. In March, he made temporary peace with Britain and Spain in ...