During femtosecond laser fabrication, photons are mainly absorbed by electrons, and the subsequent energy transfer from electrons to ions is of picosecond order. Hence, lattice motion is negligible ...
The ring down of the antennas is a huge bottleneck in spectroscopic measurements involving relaxation time (T2) measurements. The ring down of the antenna determines the dead time of the spectrometer.
Power accumulators enable a variety of applications that require average power measurement. One example is real-time measurement of switching converter efficiency, which permits converter efficiency ...