Shock is the clinical expression of circulatory ... major arrhythmia and right ventricular dysfunction. A passive leg-raising test is an alternative method 9 but requires a rapid-response device ...

is dynamic – changing frequently in patients with septic shock. Fluid responsiveness can be assessed by performing a simple bedside maneuver called a Passive Leg Raise while monitoring cardiac ...

The treatment of hypovolemia and raising blood pressure are essential to survival of a broad range of critical conditions such as blood loss, burns, gastrointestinal losses, septic shock ...