Patients are prone to airway contraction when cells lose cyclic adenosine monophosphate. Patients with asthma had higher average serum cAMP levels than patients who did not have asthma.

Roflumilast 0.3%. Roflumilast and its active metabolite (roflumilast N-oxide) are inhibitors of phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4). Roflumilast and roflumilast N-oxide inhibition of PDE4 (a major cyclic-3 ...

The pharmacological effects of beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist drugs are at least in part attributable to stimulation of intracellular ... adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to cyclic-3, 5-adenosine ...