The ruble’s real effective exchange rate against the dollar gained 8.1% in March and 20.4% year-to-date, whereas the ruble’s exchange rate against the euro went up by 4.8% and by 18.2% ...

In late 1994, the IMF staff took a step toward making its surveillance more effective by initiating more extensive and systematic assessments of the current account positions and exchange rates of the ...

The ruble’s real effective exchange rate against the dollar fell by 1.7% in August and rose by 4.5% year-to-date, whereas the ruble’s exchange rate against the euro went down by 2.8% and up by ...