as Emperor Ferdinand II’s tough new military chief, General Albrecht von Wallenstein, won victories against foes great and small, and expanded the rule of the Holy Roman Empire into Protestant ...

When Ferdinand III, the Habsburg monarch of the Holy Roman Empire ... which Francis II did in 1806. But the empire had grown weak long before Napoleon, and that development may offer the real ...

But just over 200 years ago, most of its current territory was a shambolic mess — part of the Holy Roman Empire, which even ... and Francis II, the last emperor, abdicated the throne.

Contemporary historians have tended to lose interest in the Holy Roman Empire after the death in 1250 of Frederick II, the powerful and charismatic emperor who challenged the authority of the Pope.

At the end of World War II, it was discovered that the Crown Jewels of the Holy Roman Empire had vanished from their secret vault in Nuremberg. The mystery of who stole the jewels was left ...

Between 1618 and 1648, central Europe, and the Holy Roman Empire in particular ... against the centralizing policies of the Habsburg Emperor Ferdinand II (who reigned from 1619-37), which were ...

The High Nobility and Hoher Adel, which are one and the same thing, consist of about half a hundred families, which are enumerated in Part II ... the German, or Holy Roman Empire, enjoyed the ...

The first duty of the Holy Roman Emperor was to defend the faith, and Charles did so by … letting Luther go. If Charles had arrested Luther, it would have angered powerful princes in the empire ...

Frederick II was a powerful Holy Roman Emperor of the Medieval Era often referred to as stupor mundi, or wonder of the world. Born in 1194, Frederick's reign saw the Holy Roman Empire reach its ...