CNC machines assure that holes in tube-sheets, baffles, and support plates are concentric and precise ... Although a double-tube-sheet heat exchanger has more total surface area, the effective ...

The inner tube wall has spiral grooves that face the outer tube, enhancing heat exchange. This allows the internal heat exchanger to achieve a higher cooling performance within a shorter pipe length.

Designed for maximum thermal efficiency, the spiral heat exchanger is compised of two concentric spiral flow channels ... will require less than 20% of the space needed by a shell and tube exchanger ...