Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Michael Boyle is an experienced financial ...

This paper provides simpler and more general preference foundations for difference representations than known before and shows how to obtain cardinal utility from those difference representations. In ...

Sean Ross is a strategic adviser at 1031x.com, Investopedia contributor, and the founder and manager of Free Lances Ltd. Somer G. Anderson is CPA, doctor of accounting, and an accounting and finance ...

An axiomatic model is presented in which a utility function over consequences, unique up to location and unit, is derived. The assumptions apply to a binary relation over purely subjective acts, ...

A utility function measures a consumer’s preference and satisfaction with different goods or services. As part of rational choice theory, it helps economists analyze how consumers make decisions to ...