Heart failure (HF) involves changes in cardiac structure, myocardial composition, myocyte deformation, and multiple biochemical and molecular alterations that impact heart function and reserve ...

An increasing number of enzymes, hormones, biologic substances, and other markers of cardiac stress and malfunction, as well as myocyte injury — collectively referred to as biomarkers — appear ...

The scarring of the heart that results from myocardial infarction has been interpreted as evidence that the heart is composed of myocytes that are unable to divide. However, recent observations ...