Key fact Flexion and extension are a pair of opposites; abduction and adduction are a pair of opposites. Circumduction – this is where the limb moves in a circle. This occurs at the shoulder ...

knee extension/hip adduction, knee extension/hip abduction). All exercises were performed at a position of 60° knee flexion. Three trials lasting 5 s each were performed for each of the three ...

The different types of movement that are permitted at each joint are described below. Flexion – bending a joint. This occurs when the angle of a joint decreases. For example, the elbow flexes ...

abduction (away from the body), adduction (toward the body), flexion (bending the wrist forward), and extension (bending it backward). Participants performed these tasks with both their dominant ...

As we age, maintaining flexibility and mobility becomes essential for preserving independence, reducing stiffness, and preventing injuries. Tight muscles and stuff joints can limit range of motion, ...

Kicking and jumping injuries were categorised as open chain (41%), characterised by a change from hip extension to hip flexion, and hip abduction to adduction, with external rotation. Conclusion Acute ...