A NIMS research team fabricated heat-resistant steel test specimens using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF)—a form of metal 3D printing—and subjected them to creep testing for up to 10,000 hours.

On a fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer ... to the subject being printed when using nozzles finer than 0.4mm. Since you’re working on tiny objects, the radiant heat from the body ...

High-temp 3D printing ... creep or degradation. Many so-called “all-metal” hotends start to fail when pushed beyond 300–320°C, especially if they rely on PTFE tubing close to the nozzle.

Watching a 3D ... steel nozzles, but Olsson claims the brass nozzles conduct heat better which gives their product an advantage. [Nerd] shows how the ruby nozzle could print PLA after printing ...